Intelligence & Machines

In 1950, Alan Turing asked: can machines think? Instead of answering philosophically, he proposed a test — if a machine can converse so well that a human judge can't tell it apart from a person, is it intelligent?

For 70 years, AI meant hand-written rules: if the patient has a fever and a cough, suspect flu. These systems were brittle — they could only handle exactly what programmers anticipated.